Ihram is a sacred state that every Muslim must enter before performing Umrah or Hajj.
The rules of Ihram include specific guidelines and spiritual intentions that serve as both a physical dress code and a mental condition to achieve humility and purity.
Understanding the rules of Ihram is essential for both men and women.
Abiding by the rules of Ihram means the pilgrims are performing the rites of Umrah or Hajj correctly and respectfully.
This guide includes a clear explanation of the rules of Ihram, along with practical insights that are based on different Islamic schools of thought.
If you’re planning to apply for an Umrah visa soon, make sure you read this article to the end!
What Is Ihram & Why is it Important?
The value of Ihram is more than just being a garment.
Wearing an Ihram means the pilgrims enter a spiritual state that symbolises purity, equality, and submission to Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى).
The purpose of Ihram is to strip away worldly distinctions and prepare the believer to focus solely on their worship.
Without entering the state of Ihram, your pilgrimage will be considered invalid.
How to Enter the State of Ihram Properly
This is how a pilgrim can enter the state of Ihram before entering the places of worship for Umrah or Hajj:
Spiritual and Physical Preparation Before Ihram
Before entering Ihram, one should take a full-body bath (ghusl).
If ghusl isn’t possible, then perform wudu (ablution). Clipping nails, trimming hair, and using the restroom are all part of the Ihram preparation.
The cleanliness aspect of the state of Ihram reflects the inner readiness of the pilgrims.
Sunnah Practices Before Entering Ihram
Apply non-fragrant oil (for men), wear the Ihram clothing, and offer two units of prayer (rak’ahs) with the intention of Ihram.
These practices have been carried out by Muslim men since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم).
Making the Niyyah (Intention) and Saying Talbiyah
After crossing the Miqat (designated boundary), pilgrims are obligated to state their intention for Hajj or Umrah.
The Niyah is done by saying the Talbiyah aloud: "Labbayk Allahumma Umrah" or "Labbayk Allahumma Hajj".
This marks the official entry into Ihram.
General Rules of Ihram for Men and Women
Once you enter the sacred state of Ihram, certain actions become prohibited.
Here are the general rules of Ihram that ensure spiritual purity and focus of the pilgrims on their ibadah:
Do Not Apply Perfume or Fragrance
The use of all sorts of scented products is forbidden during the state of Ihram.
This includes lotions, deodorants, mists, perfumes, essential oils, etc.
Do Not Engage in Sexual Activity
During the state of Ihram, Pilgrims are prohibited from participating in sexual activities with their partners.
This includes sexual discussions as well.
No Cutting Hair or Nails
After entering Ihram, pilgrims can not trim or pluck their hair.
Even cutting nails is not allowed during the state of Ihram.
Violation of these rules will result in a penalty in the form of damm.
No Hunting or Killing Animals
Any form of animal hunting or insect killing is forbidden for the pilgrims in Ihram.
The only exception is if it’s harmful and unavoidable.
Avoid Arguing or Fighting
Wearing the Ihram demands peace and discipline.
Your involvement in disputes, gossip, or arguments will break the spirit of Ihram.
What Is Forbidden in Ihram?
The following things are forbidden in Ihram:
- Wearing scented items on body
- Cutting hair or nails
- Taking part in sexual activities
- Killing animals/insects
- Arguing or using foul language
- Wearing nail polish
What Makes Ihram Invalid?
These things can make your Ihram invalid:
- Skipping the niyyah or Talbiyah at Miqat
- Deliberately committing major violations (e.g., sexual intercourse)
- Intentionally removing Ihram without completing the Umrah rituals
Can You Sleep, Shower, or Use the Toilet in Ihram?
Yes, sleeping, showering (without scented soap), and using the toilet are permissible.
However, it is a must for the pilgrim to make sure their hair doesn’t fall out.
Hair grooming, including shaving and trimming, is also prohibited.
Specific Ihram Rules for Men
Here are some Ihram rules that Muslim men are obliged to follow:
Ihram Clothing for Men: What Is Allowed and What’s Not
The men are required to wear two white unstitched pieces of cloth.
They are called Rida and Izar. Izar is the one wrapped around the waist, and Rida is draped over the shoulder.
No underwear or stitched garments are allowed to be worn on any part of the body, including the head.
Prohibited Acts for Men in Ihram
Men cannot:
- Cover their heads or face
- Wear socks or closed shoes
- Use scented items
- Shave or cut hair
Rules of Ihram for Men (Hanafi + Other Schools)
Hanafi: Men must strictly wear unstitched clothes.
Belts with bags and fanny packs are permissible.
Maliki/Shafi’i/Hanbali: The other schools of thought have similar rules with slight flexibility.
This includes the debate of tying the Ihram with pins or clips.
It’s better to refer to a scholar from the school of thought you follow.
Can Men Cover Their Heads or Wear Stitched Clothing?
No, for men, covering the head with a hat or turban and wearing stitched clothing invalidates Ihram.
Specific Ihram Rules for Women
Here are the Ihram and rules that Muslim women are obliged to follow:
Mahram Requirements for Women in Umrah
Many schools of thought believe that women must be accompanied by a mahram (close male relative) for Umrah or Hajj.
The government of Saudi Arabia has now lifted the ban on women travelling without a mahram.
It’s better to refer to your scholar for a correct ruling, which is in accordance with the Islamic school of thought you follow.
Ihram Clothing for Women: Guidelines and Modesty
Women are allowed to wear loose and modest clothes.
This includes abayas, hijabs, and long dresses.
Unlike men, sewn clothes are allowed for women.
Women should avoid wearing form-fitting or revealing garments.
Prohibited Acts for Women in Ihram
Women cannot:
- Apply perfume or makeup on the face
- Wear gloves or niqab (to cover their face and hands)
- Cut their nails or hair
- Engage in sexual activities
Can Women Wear Perfume, Makeup, or Jewelry in Ihram?
No. Any form of perfume and makeup is prohibited for women. Minimal jewelry can be worn.
Rules of Ihram for Women (Hanafi + Other Schools)
Hanafi: Women should not cover their hands and face with gloves and a Niqab.
Other Schools: The basic mandatory guidelines are the same across different schools of thought; you will only find slight variations in matters of penalty (fidyah/damm) for minor and major violations.
What If a Woman Gets Her Period in Ihram?
Women are not permitted to perform Umrah rituals during menstruation, but they may still enter the state of Ihram.
Since scholars differ on this matter, it’s best if you follow the guidance of your trusted scholar or school of thought.
Permissible Acts in Ihram (That People Often Doubt)
Here are the permissible acts in ihram that people have misconceptions about:
Can You Wear Sunglasses, Belts, or Watches in Ihram?
Yes, all are allowed as long as they are not stitched into garments.
Men can use a belt to secure the lower garment.
Are Sandals with Stitching Allowed?
Yes, stitching on footwear is allowed in Ihram, but the structure should not cover the ankle and top of the foot.
Can Women Cover Their Feet or Hands in Salah?
Yes. Women may wear socks or cover their hands during prayer, but they cannot wear gloves during Ihram.
What Happens If You Break a Rule in Ihram?
This is what you need to do if you break an Ihram rule:
Expiation (Damm) and What It Entails
Breaking a major rule requires offering a sacrificial animal (damm) in Makkah.
Minor violations require fasting or feeding the poor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Brush My Teeth in Ihram?
Yes, you can, as long as the toothpaste is unscented.
Can I Kiss My Spouse in Ihram?
No, physical affection is discouraged as it can lead to violations.
Can You Make Wudu While in Ihram?
Yes, you can make wudu. Avoid scented products.
Are There Different Ihram Rules for Umrah vs Hajj?
No, the state of Ihram is the same for the tours of both Umrah and Hajj.
Are There Any Age Restrictions for Performing Umrah?
There are no fixed age limits, but minors are required to be accompanied by a guardian.
Conclusion: Rules of Ihram
Understanding and following the rules of Ihram is essential so you make sure Umrah or Hajj is accepted by Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى).
Whether you're a man or a woman, these guidelines help the Ummah achieve humility, unity, and spiritual focus.
It is a sign of true devotion to respect the sanctity of Ihram.
Avoid common mistakes and prepare for Ihram with extra attention.
Don’t forget to help others, especially in the holy places where these rituals take place.
